![]() This lack of recognition was partially but significantly reverted by the C-terminal addition of a synthetic EAR motif. Remarkably, mutation of the EAR motif disabled PopP2 avirulence function as measured by the development of hypersensitive response, electrolyte leakage, defense marker gene expression and bacterial growth in Arabidopsis. We also found that PopP2 harbors a putative eukaryotic transcriptional repressor motif (ethylene-responsive element binding factor-associated amphiphilic repression or EAR), which is known to be involved in the recruitment of transcriptional co-repressors. Only one variation (a premature stop codon) caused the loss of RPS4/RRS1-dependent recognition in Arabidopsis. Our analysis revealed high conservation of popP2 sequence with only three polymorphic alleles present amongst 17 strains. solanacearum strains isolated from diseased tomato and pepper fields across the Republic of Korea. Here, we surveyed the naturally occurring variation in PopP2 sequence among the R. PopP2 is an acetyltransferase that binds to and acetylates the RRS1 WRKY DNA-binding domain resulting in reduced RRS1-DNA association thereby activating plant immunity. solanacearum effector PopP2 in the nuclei of infected cells. In the model species Arabidopsis thaliana, the paired immune receptors RRS1 (resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum 1) and RPS4 (resistance to Pseudomonas syringae 4) cooperatively recognize the R. Plants have, however, evolved specialized immune receptors that recognize corresponding effectors and confer qualitative disease resistance. solanacearum secretes around 70 effectors into host cells in order to promote infection. ![]() Ralstonia solanacearum is the causal agent of the devastating bacterial wilt disease in many high value Solanaceae crops. 5School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea.4National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea.3Bioprotection Centre of Research Excellence, Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.2Plant Science Department, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.1Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea.Newman 1,3†, Sera Choi 1,3, Jay Jayaraman 1,3, Du Seok Choi 1, Ga Young Jung 1, Heejung Cho 4, Young Kee Lee 4 and Kee Hoon Sohn 1,5* These results suggested that integrating activation of BR-signaling pathways with the formation of the protein complex containing BES1/BZR1 and TPL–HDA19 via the EAR motif was important in fine-tuning BR-related gene networks in plants.Cécile Segonzac 1,2*†, Toby E. In addition to BR-related gene expression, the BES1–HDA19 transcription factor complex was important for abiotic stress-related drought stress tolerance and organ boundary formation. RNA-sequencing analysis of Arabidopsis plants over-expressing bes1-DmEAR or bes1-DmEAR-HDA19 revealed an essential role for HDA19 activity in regulation of BES1/BZR1-mediated BR signaling. Defects in BR-related functions of BES1 and BZR1 proteins containing a mutated EAR motif were completely rescued by artificial fusion with EAR-repression domain (SRDX), TOPLESS (TPL), or HDA19 proteins. We here report that formation of a protein complex between BES1 and BZR1 and Histone Deacetylase 19 (HDA19) via the conserved ERF-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motif proved essential for regulation of BR-signaling-related gene expression. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the BR-related transcription factors BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR 1 (BES1) and BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1 (BZR1) regulate a range of global gene expression in response to BR and several external signaling cues however, the molecular mechanisms by which they mediate the reprogramming of downstream transcription remain unclear. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are plant steroid hormones that are essential for diverse growth and developmental processes across the whole life cycle of plants. 1371-1377 ISSN: 0032-0935 Subject: Arabidopsis thaliana, brassinosteroids, drought tolerance, gene expression, gene regulatory networks, histone deacetylase, sequence analysis, signal transduction, steroid hormones, transcription (genetics), transcription factors Abstract: MAIN CONCLUSION: The brassinosteroid-related BES1 and BZR1 transcription factors dynamically modulate downstream gene networks via the TPL–HDA19 co-repressor complex in BR-signaling pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana. Transcriptional network regulation of the brassinosteroid signaling pathway by the BES1–TPL–HDA19 co-repressor complex Author: Hyemin Kim, Donghwan Shim, Suyun Moon, Jinsu Lee, Wonsil Bae, Hyunmo Choi, Kyunghwan Kim, Hojin Ryu Source: Planta 2019 v.250 no.4 pp.
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